Obesity is defined as a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it becomes pathological. People are generally classified as obese with a body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person’s weight by the square of the person’s height, over 30 kg/m2, with the range 25–30 kg/m2 defined as overweight.

Obesity increases risk of various diseases and conditions, in particular cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis and depression.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease. Several factors can increase the risk of becoming obese. Some factors are non-modifiable such as one’s genetic susceptibility. However, genetic susceptibility can predispose a but it doesn’t necessarily predetermine. Other factors such as excessive food intake and lack of physical activity can aggravate the condition. A few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications, or mental disorders.

Obesity, despite the complexity of its nature, is considered a treatable and preventable disease through the appropriate interventions. Changes to diet and exercising are the main treatments usually offered primarily. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber.

If diet, exercise, and medication are not effective and one continues to experience failed attempts to either lose or maintain the lost weight, a more aggressive approach is suggested. Gastric balloon or bariatric surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or length of the intestines, leading to earlier satiety or a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.

Weight loss is not as easy as it seems, and obesity is closely linked to many serious health problems, however, it is still possible to find an effective solution to this problem and maintain health through nutrition counseling and weight loss surgery.

The long-term success and effectiveness of bariatric surgery in weight loss, diabetes and, other diseases have been proven, and is achieved by patient’s compliance, adherence, and commitment to a healthy lifestyle.